Potential-dependent phase stability and trapped-electrons origin in copper oxide-based photocathodes for water splitting
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Operando XAS studies in the field of photoelectrochemistry are quite scarce and are mostly devoted to composite systems, rather than to pure semiconductors. However, improving the knowledge of the primary photocatalytic processes occurring in semiconductors, e.g. charge generation, trapping and recombination is crucial to improve the performances of the photoactive materials. In this work, we report a study on the behavior of copper oxide-based photocathodes for hydrogen generation in water splitting. The phase composition of the materials in pristine conditions and after photocorrosion was investigated also considering the role of the applied potential in the dark and under illumination. The fate of the photogenerated carriers during the water splitting reaction was investigated by employing differential XANES spectra in dark and light. After illuminating, the photogenerated electrons can be involved in the CuO reduction as well as the H 2 production. The charge transfer calculated by CV corresponds to the sum of the electrons that reduce CuO, as measured by FEXRAV, and the electrons utilized for H 2 production. • Copper oxide is a promising photocathode for photoelectrochemical water splitting. • Improving the knowledge of photocatalytic processes. • Use of FEXRAV and cyclic voltammetry, at the same time, to investigate the process. • Operando differential light-dark (Δ μ ) XANES measurements to define the powder stability.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".