Comparing glucose acquisition strategies between two ancient fish species: Lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) and North Pacific spiny dogfish (Squalus suckleyi)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We assessed the functional role of the spiral valve in carbohydrate digestion and glucose acquisition during different feeding states in Acipenser fulvescens and Squalus suckleyi. For S. suckleyi, maltase activity was highest in the anterior and mid spiral valve, while sodium-glucose linked transporter 1 (sglt1) transcripts peaked in the mid spiral valve. Alongside these metrics, glucose tissue uptake demonstrated decreased maximal transport rates from 24 h to 7+ days post feeding, demonstrating a putative means for energy conservation. A. fulvescens showed the highest maltase activity and sglt1 abundance in regions anterior to the spiral valve (pyloric ceca and anterior intestine). Additionally, glucose transport did not reach saturation in the spiral valve and anterior intestine of A. fulvescens over the measured concentrations, suggestive of a heightened capacity in these regions for glucose uptake. Overall, the spiral valve played a primary role in glucose digestion and transport in S. suckleyi, whereas A. fulvescens utilized the anterior intestine in addition to the spiral valve. Combined, these results also suggest regional functionality of carbohydrate acquisition within the spiral intestine in S. suckleyi but not in A. fulvescens. This demonstrates that the spiral valve may not always be the primary region of nutrient absorption in all species as suggested in the literature, highlighting the importance of comparing morphological and functional studies.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".