Series-Cascaded Islanded Microgrids Comprising Storage: Sensorless Control Under PV Partial Shading and Load Variation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This article extends the use of voltage and current estimators, typically used in conventional systems, to a master–slave distributed generator (DG) configuration. The proposed method eliminates the need for expensive dc-side voltage and current sensors necessary to maximum power point tracking of the connected photovoltaic (PV) modules. Moreover, in medium- and high-power applications, this method can provide a valuable substitute to one or more faulty current or voltage sensors, which ensures system continuous operation while locating the faulty sensor(s). The introduced method does not affect the PV normal operation even in the presence of partial shading, battery charging/discharging, and fluctuating loads. The introduced method utilizes voltage and current estimators that rely on the ac-side measurements and a proposed switching function to isolate and calculate the voltage and current of each connected DG. The structure and the design details of these estimators are discussed in detail. The simulation and practical results conducted using the series-connected converter configured by the master (battery)–slave (PV) DG proved the validity of the proposed method in maintaining normal operation below 2% estimation error.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".