Anti-mullerian hormone (AMH) in pregnant buffaloes: maternal and fetal plasma concentrations and immunolocalization in the fetal gonads
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH), a member of the TGF-β superfamily, plays a critical role in mammalian fertility. This study aimed to investigate AMH concentrations in pregnant buffalo cows and their fetuses, and to characterize the cellular distribution and immunolocalization of AMH within fetal gonads. Gonads were collected from 12 male and 14 female buffalo fetuses, fixed in 10% buffered formalin, and processed for routine histological analysis and immunohistochemical localization of AMH. Blood samples were collected from 26 pregnant buffalo cows and their corresponding fetuses into EDTA-coated tubes. AMH levels in both maternal and fetal blood were quantified using a commercially available bovine AMH ELISA kit. Significant (p < 0.05) inter-individual variations in maternal and fetal AMH concentrations were observed. In males, fetal AMH concentrations increased significantly with gestational age, with levels substantially higher compared to females at all gestational ages (52-1222 times higher). Immunohistochemistry revealed intense AMH immunoreactivity in the cytoplasm of pre-Sertoli cells in male fetuses. In females, no significant correlation was found between fetal AMH concentrations and follicular populations, although intense AMH immunostaining was observed in the cytoplasm of oocytes within primordial follicles. These findings suggest that fetal AMH concentrations in buffaloes are influenced by gestational age and sex, and that fetal AMH likely does not readily cross the placental barrier. Further investigations are warranted to elucidate the intricate role of AMH in gonadal development and function in buffaloes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".