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Record W4407891136 · doi:10.5430/jct.v14n1p314

Factors Influencing Speaking Proficiency Improvement in EFL Students under SPOC-based Blended Learning

2025· article· en· W4407891136 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

venuePublished in a venue whose home country is Canada.
no affNo Canadian affiliation: this work is invisible to an affiliation-only frame.
No Canadian affiliation. An affiliation-only frame, the usual design, would never have seen this work. It is one of the works that make the case for inverting the frame.

Bibliographic record

VenueJournal of Curriculum and Teaching · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldComputer Science
TopicEducation and Learning Interventions
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsBlended learningMathematics educationPsychologyComputer sciencePedagogyMedical educationEducational technologyMedicine

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

This study examines the impact of a SPOC-based blended learning model on enhancing EFL learners' willingness to engage in speaking practice, with a particular focus on Chinese university students. Although English education has gained prominence in China, many students still face significant challenges in developing spoken proficiency due to a lack of practice opportunities and high levels of anxiety. By integrating insights from the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Expectation Confirmation Model (ECM-ISC), this research addresses these issues by demonstrating how the SPOC blended learning approach can effectively support language learning. Using a sample of 396 students from Chengde, Hebei Province, data analysis through SPSS and AMOS showed that the SPOC model enhances learners' confirmation and perceived usefulness. This increased perception of usefulness and alignment with expectations contributes to a reduction in anxiety, ultimately leading to a greater willingness to participate in speaking activities. As a result, the SPOC model not only improves learner engagement but also provides a practical and scalable solution for overcoming key obstacles, such as anxiety, in EFL speaking practice. These findings highlight the model’s potential as an effective approach for fostering spoken English proficiency in higher education settings.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: Observational
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.082
Threshold uncertainty score0.358

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.017
GPT teacher head0.334
Teacher spread0.317 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it