Antioxidant capacity, acute and sub-acute oral toxicity, and <i>in vivo</i> anti-inflammatory effects of <i>Tetradenia riparia</i> hydroalcoholic extract
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Tetradenia riparia (T. riparia) is a medicinal plant native to sub-Saharan Africa, traditionally used but has limited in vivo scientific validation. This study evaluated its antioxidant, toxicity, and anti-inflammatory effects using in vivo toxicity tests, paw edema, air pouch models, and vascular permeability assessment. Additionally, qualitative phytochemical analysis and quantitative measurements of total polyphenolic and flavonoid content were conducted. In vitro assays revealed significant concentrations of polyphenolic and flavonoid compounds, demonstrating notable radical scavenging activities in DPPH, phosphomolybdate, and FRAP assays. In vivo studies demonstrated that T. riparia extract showed no indications of acute or sub-acute oral toxicity, even when administered at the highest tested dosage of 5000 mg/kg body weight (LD50 > 5000 mg/kg). Toxicity assessments confirmed its safety, showing no fatalities, significant organ damage as evidenced by histopathological analysis, or substantial adverse effects on most hematological and biochemical parameters. The hydroalcoholic extract of T. riparia demonstrated a notable anti-inflammatory effect that increased with dosage. The inhibition percentage of paw edema by the extract was high at 3 hours, reaching 39.13 ± 8.78%. Nitric oxide (NO) inhibition at doses of 0.5 g/kg and 1 g/kg was recorded as 36.09 ± 2.13% and 49.96 ± 5.41%, respectively. Regarding vascular permeability, T. riparia extract significantly reduced dye leakage (p < 0.05 and p < 0.001), with inhibition percentages of 61.57% and 75.25% at doses of 0.5 g/kg and 1 g/kg, respectively. These findings highlight its promising potential as a treatment for inflammatory disorders. In conclusion, phytochemical analysis identified compounds, which are believed to be responsible for the pharmacological effects observed. Further studies are needed to investigate the chronic consumption of hydroalcoholic extract for long-term isolate bioactive compounds, understand their mechanisms, ensure comprehensive safety profiles for potential drug development, and elucidate their anti-inflammatory mechanism.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".