Brain functional connectivity with rehabilitation in children with co-occurring autism spectrum disorder and developmental coordination disorder
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Children with co-occurring autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and developmental coordination disorder (DCD) show improved motor function after Cognitive Orientation to daily Occupational Performance (CO-OP) intervention; however, it is unknown whether CO-OP induces changes in brain function in this clinical population. The objectives of this study were to: (1) investigate changes in functional connectivity in children with ASD+DCD after CO-OP; (2) determine whether brain changes are maintained three months post-intervention; and (3) explore the relationship of functional connectivity changes with improved motor function. In this study, 24 children with ASD+DCD were randomly assigned to either a treatment or waitlist group and underwent three resting-state MRI scans over six months. The treatment group received intervention between the first and second scan; the waitlist group received intervention between the second and third scan. After CO-OP, participants showed increased functional connectivity in the left precentral gyrus and right middle frontal gyrus (Cohen’s d=0.76 and 0.79, respectively). Brain changes were maintained three months post-intervention. Regression analysis revealed increased connectivity between the sensorimotor network and left insular cortex, correlating with motor outcomes. CO-OP was associated with clinically meaningful increases in functional connectivity, providing further evidence that CO-OP is effective for children with ASD+DCD. • Autistic children (without intellectual disability) with DCD benefit from CO-OP. • CO-OP intervention induces greater functional connectivity in frontal regions. • Increased functional connectivity correlated with better motor outcomes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".