Altitudinal Variation in Termite Species Diversity and Distribution in Agroforestry Systems of Lore Lindu National Park, Indonesia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Agroforestry, widely practised by the community, is considered a significant contributor to the economy of people living around forest areas.Changes in land use to agroforestry also lead to changes in the biophysical condition of the environment and the diversity of soil organisms.Termites are one of the soil organisms that can be used as indicators of environmental change and are easily found in the tropics because their distribution and activities are strongly influenced by environmental factors.Differences in altitude have an impact on the number and types of termites found.Understanding termite diversity is critical for sustainable agroforestry management because termites play key roles in soil health, nutrient cycling, plant growth, and ecosystem functioning.By understanding the different species present, their behaviors, and their ecological roles, agroforestry managers can make informed decisions that enhance the productivity and biodiversity of the system.The purpose of the study was to determine the characteristics and biophysical environment in agroforestry and determine species richness, abundance, distribution patterns of termites on agroforestry land based on altitude strata in Lore Lindu National Park Indonesia.The research method consists of collecting biophysical environmental data (vegetation, soil, organic matter, and microclimate), termite community data (species richness, diversity index, and evenness index), and site characteristics.The results showed that elevation factors strongly influence the microclimate on agroforestry land in Lore Lindu National Park; the higher the elevation, the lower the temperature and light intensity, but the higher the humidity.The diversity of constituent plants on complex agroforestry land is higher than that of simple agroforestry at all levels of growth.The results of soil pH analysis were in the range of 5.88 to 6.72 (close to neutral).Organic C and Nitrogen levels increased with increasing altitude.For litter biomass, the highest values were found in complex agroforestry land at 600 masl, and the lowest in simple agroforestry at 1000 masl.The results of termite identification on agroforestry land at various altitudes found 13 termite species grouped into 7 genera and 3 families.Four genera belong to the Termitidae family, two genera belong to the Rhinotermitidae family, and one genus belongs to the Kalotermitidae family.Microcerotermes dubius is the species with the lowest proportion, while the highest is Schedorhinotermes javanicus.Odontotermes sp. 1 was the species with the highest relative abundance, while Microcerotermes dubius was the species with the lowest relative abundance.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".