Phytochemical Study and Evaluation of Toxicity and Antioxidant Properties of Allium ascalonicum Leaf Extracts on Cell Line HepG2
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Allium ascalonicum, a leafy vegetable belonging to the Liliaceae family, is widely cultivated and consumed in several West African countries, including Ghana, Benin, and Nigeria. The leaves of this plant are utilized both as a fresh salad ingredient and as a cooked component in sauces. In addition to its culinary uses, Allium ascalonicum is traditionally consumed in concoctions for managing various health conditions, including diabetes and hypertension. While numerous global studies have explored the medicinal properties of this plant, there is a notable lack of research specifically addressing its therapeutic potential within Nigeria. This study investigates the phytochemical composition, antioxidant activities, and cytotoxic properties of Allium ascalonicum leaf extracts, with a focus on methanol and aqueous preparations. Phytochemical analysis identified key bioactive constituents such as phenolics, flavonoids, alkaloids, and tannins, with the methanol extract demonstrating higher concentrations of phenolics (82.4 mg GAE/g) and flavonoids (54.7 mg QE/g) compared to the aqueous extract. Antioxidant efficacy was evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay, and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) assays, wherein the methanol extract exhibited superior performance. The methanol extract showed a lower 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) IC50 value (42.8 µg/mL) and a higher FRAP value (310.5 µM ascorbic acid equivalents), indicating robust free radical scavenging and reducing capabilities. Cytotoxicity was assessed against HepG2 liver cancer cells, revealing an IC50 of 72.4 µg/mL for the methanol extract, indicative of significant anticancer potential. Conversely, the aqueous extract demonstrated comparatively lower cytotoxicity, with an IC50 value of 145.6 µg/mL. These findings underscore the potential of Allium ascalonicum leaf extracts, particularly the methanol preparation, as a promising natural source of antioxidants and anticancer agents. Further research is warranted to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underpinning these bioactivities and to evaluate the plant’s potential applications in pharmaceutical and therapeutic contexts.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".