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Record W4407926691 · doi:10.18280/ijsse.150101

Metamodeling-Based Drone Forensics Investigation: A Systematic Literature Review

2025· article· en· W4407926691 on OpenAlexvenueno aff
Senan A. M. Alhasan, Siti Hajar Othman, Arafat Al-Dhaqm

Bibliographic record

VenueInternational Journal of Safety and Security Engineering · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldComputer Science
TopicDigital and Cyber Forensics
Canadian institutionsnot available
FundersUniversiti Teknologi Malaysia
KeywordsDroneMetamodelingSystematic reviewComputer scienceEngineeringMEDLINEBiologySoftware engineering

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

The drone forensics field has received a great attention in recent years due to the important role it plays in the investigation of incidents as well as the identification and tracking of attacking entities and actions.In an era where technology intersects with nearly every aspect of human life, drone forensics has emerged as a transformative force in medicine, biomedical research, and healthcare.The present paper reviews the literature of drone forensics to improve the body of knowledge and identify the underlying challenges relevant to the studies conducted in this field.In addition, the paper discusses how to define and integrate models from many domains of drone forensics using the metamodeling technique.This technique is applicable to various fields, particularly for standardizing purposes.Moreover, the present study involves the systematic literature review (SLR) which is provided in a section alongside the research topics; it serves as the main source of inspiration in the current work.As the literature does not comprise any study focusing on this issue with the use of SLR, this paper can contribute to filling this gap effectively.The SLR was carried out in the current study by the categorization of the existing literature parametrically using bibliometric analysis.The findings of this paper showed that the use of metamodeling in the drone forensics can make this field more homogeneous and less complex.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame machine prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.017
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.072
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Systematic review · Consensus signal: Systematic review
GenreCandidate signal: Review · Consensus signal: Review
Teacher disagreement score0.041
Threshold uncertainty score0.092

Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0170.072
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0010.001
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0040.005
Bibliometrics0.0410.028
Science and technology studies0.0010.001
Scholarly communication0.0030.006
Open science0.0020.003
Research integrity0.0020.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0040.001

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.005
GPT teacher head0.210
Teacher spread0.205 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designSystematic review
Domainnot available
GenreReview

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations0
Published2025
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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