Joule heating to grain-boundary-rich RuP<sub>2</sub> for efficient electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution in a wide pH range
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The production of storable hydrogen fuel through water splitting, powered by renewable energy sources such as solar photovoltaics, wind turbines, and hydropower systems, represents a promising path toward achieving sustainable energy solutions. Transition-metal phosphides (TMPs) have excellent physicochemical properties, making them the most promising electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Traditionally, achieving good crystallinity in these TMPs typically requires prolonged (≥ 2 h) high-temperature pyrolysis, which is time-consuming and generally yields samples with large particle sizes, adversely affecting the catalytic activities. Herein, for the first time, we present a groundbreaking discovery in the synthesis of grain-boundary-rich RuP2 nanoparticles within a very short time frame of nine seconds, using a fast Joule heating strategy (RuP2 JH). Subsequent electrochemical tests reveal that the as-synthesized RuP2 JH not only exhibits platinum-like HER activity, achieving overpotentials of 22 mV, 22 mV and 270 mV to reach a current density of 10 mA cm-2 in 0.5 M H2SO4, 1.0 M KOH, and 0.1 M phosphate buffered solutions, respectively, but also exhibits exceptional long-term stability. Moreover, it exhibits a Faradaic efficiency exceeding 96%. This work significantly contributes to the expanding repertoire of TMPs synthesized via Joule heating by showcasing exceptional performance toward HER and other energy-related catalytic applications.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it