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Environmental Design Considerations Using an Equivalency Index between Granular Drainage and Geosynthetic Alternatives

2025· article· en· 0 citations· W4407996058 on OpenAlex· 10.1061/9780784485972.047

Why is this work in the frame?

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

Canadian affiliationAn author listed a Canadian institution. This is the only route the usual frame has.

The three-model screen

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All three models called this out of scope.

stratum: aff_core · design weight: 5595.24 (the sample is stratified; any rate computed without the weight is wrong)
Claude Opus 4.8OUT
genre: empirical
about Canada: no
confidence: high

Civil engineering study of drainage material equivalency; the object is geotechnical design, not research practice.

GPT-5.6 (high)OUT
genre: empirical
about Canada: no
confidence: high

The study examines drainage design and geosynthetic materials, not research practice.

Grok 4.5OUT
genre: empirical
about Canada: no
confidence: high

Civil engineering study of drainage-layer equivalency and environmental benefits of geosynthetics; object is design practice, not research itself.

Abstract

Effective drainage is essential in civil engineering projects, and the design is influenced by the required capacity, inflow rates, and the geometric configuration of the structure. Reduction factors are applied based on material and application. Drainage layers can be granular or geosynthetic, with granular layers using free-draining aggregates and geocomposites comprising non-woven geotextiles and drainage cores or pipes. This study aims to establish equivalency between granular layers and geocomposites in water drainage and gas transport, assuming equal long-term capacity under identical conditions. Despite reduction factors and safety margins, geocomposites significantly reduce drainage layer thickness compared to granular layers. The methodology adopted in this project is to present an equivalency design between granular drainage aggregates and drainage geocomposite and environmental benefit of using geosynthetics as a drainage design solution. This is supported by practical examples and environmental benefits such as reduced aggregate extraction, transportation, greenhouse gas emissions, and construction time for similar or better drainage capacity.

Stored with the screening record, where it is evidence for the labels above.

The record

Venue
Topic
Geotechnical Engineering and Soil Stabilization
Field
Engineering
Canadian institutions
CTT Group (Canada)
Funders
Keywords
Index (typography)DrainageGeotechnical engineeringEngineeringComputer scienceCivil engineeringWorld Wide WebEcology
Has abstract in OpenAlex
yes