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Record W4408020564 · doi:10.1016/j.sftr.2025.100516

The unexpected reason firms should institute policies to remove email signatures: Quantifying human mortality costs of email signature-based reputation signaling

2025· article· en· W4408020564 on OpenAlexaffabout
Joshua M. Pearce

Bibliographic record

VenueSustainable Futures · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldSocial Sciences
TopicMisinformation and Its Impacts
Canadian institutionsWestern University
Fundersnot available
KeywordsSignature (topology)ReputationBusinessInternet privacyComputer securityComputer sciencePolitical scienceMathematics

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

It has become fashionable in some corporate and academic circles to reputation signal by amending pronouns and/or land acknowledgements to email signatures. Extra information exchange, however, has environmental and social impacts including human mortality from climate destabilization. To illustrate the human mortality cost of carbon-emitting information technology the 1000-ton rule can be used to quantify the cost in human lives. In this study the two types of additional information used in reputation signaling for i) pronouns and ii) land acknowledgments are analyzed by the 1000-ton rule for a case study of Canada. The results of the carbon emission induced human mortality from adding only 3 words in emails to identify gender in a relatively small nations like Canada (∼40 million people) with only a small fraction adding pronouns (∼15 %) are still responsible for prematurely killing a person per year. Likewise, if Canadians all used land acknowledgements in their emails roughly 30 people would be sacrificed annually to reputation signaling. Based on the results of this study the environmental harm and human mortality caused by current information technology infrastructure is such that adding even a few words to an email signature represents an ethically and morally unacceptable human sacrifice. As most of the content of signatures is redundant (far more so than reputation signaling), polices are recommended that signatures are replaced with a hyperlinked name to vital information. To increase efficiency of digital information transfer further policies could eliminate most signatures entirely as emails already identify senders in the header.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame machine prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.008
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.069
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: Observational
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.038
Threshold uncertainty score0.076

Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0080.069
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0010.002
Science and technology studies0.0010.001
Scholarly communication0.0030.003
Open science0.0010.001
Research integrity0.0020.002
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0050.001

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.045
GPT teacher head0.394
Teacher spread0.348 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designObservational
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations3
Published2025
Admission routes2
Has abstractyes

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