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Record W4408024817 · doi:10.1177/09589287241312110

Regional Inequality and the Knowledge Economy: North America and Europe

2025· article· en· W4408024817 on OpenAlex
Jane Gingrich

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

aboutThe title or abstract carries a Canadian signal from the geographic lexicon.
no affNo Canadian affiliation: this work is invisible to an affiliation-only frame.
No Canadian affiliation. An affiliation-only frame, the usual design, would never have seen this work. It is one of the works that make the case for inverting the frame.

Bibliographic record

VenueJournal of European Social Policy · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldEconomics, Econometrics and Finance
TopicRegional Economics and Spatial Analysis
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsInequalitySpatial inequalityEconomicsEconomic inequalityPopulationEconomic geographySocial inequalityGeographyDemographic economicsEconomyEconomic growthDevelopment economicsSociology

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

This paper provides a descriptive examination of trends in spatial inequality within the US, Canada and the UK and twelve European countries. It first draws on recent literature in American political economy which suggests that the transition to the knowledge economy has promoted three forms of growing spatial inequality: in the productive capacities and incomes of regions and in local patterns of population sorting into dynamic urban areas. It then asks whether the transition to knowledge-intensive production implies more spatial inequality in Europe. It finds that regional inequality has fallen less – or grown more – in terms of both productive capacity and income in the Anglo economies, but that urban areas in high-knowledge regions are becoming more distinct in both Europe and North America. It further shows that labor and educational institution are associated with different forms of regional inequality but not urban sorting.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Theoretical or conceptual · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.921
Threshold uncertainty score0.391

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0010.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.037
GPT teacher head0.262
Teacher spread0.225 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it