An Optically Transparent Near-Zero-Index Grating Metamaterial for Enhanced On-Glass Millimeter-Wave Radiation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
An optically transparent antenna (OTA) based on a grating metamaterial is proposed for launching high-gain millimeter-wave radiation on glasses. This design incorporates a glass-based dielectric image line with a grating made of a transparent conductive film (TCF), which provides an effective near-zero-index response through precise manipulation of spatial harmonic dispersion. To effectively overcome the intrinsic loss issue of TCF and control the power leakage, the field confinement in the grating metamaterial is engineered for optimizing the purely leakage-induced and total modal attenuations at the zero phase-progress state. The prototyped grating metamaterial antenna features an average optical transmittance of 76% over the visible spectrum. The antenna is validated to generate a near-broadside directive beam, achieving a realized gain exceeding 23 dBi and a total efficiency higher than 60% from 21.1 to 22.3 GHz. Through leaky mode confinement control and complex dispersion relationship engineering, this work offers a promising solution to realizing OTAs with a substantially improved gain and aperture efficiency.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".