Population and mobility in the Portuguese islands: trends from 2001 to 2021
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to analyse the demographic and migratory dynamics in the Portuguese island regions of Madeira and the Azores over the last two decades. The article begins with a brief overview of the historical and geographical context, which is essential for understanding the factors that shape population evolution and are reflected in the current situation. Beyond physical constraints such as insularity, it is important to highlight the significant historical influence of emigration in these regions and its relationship with the development of the islands over time.There have been significant changes in population growth patterns from 2001 to 2021, with a decrease in natural growth and an increased importance of migration for demographic evolution. In particular, emigration emerges as a response to economic vulnerability, playing a crucial role in moments of crisis, such as the recession of 2011-2013.Traditionally areas of emigration, the islands have experienced an increase in the proportion of foreign population, a phenomenon that reflects changes in migratory trends, particularly in Madeira, which receives a significant proportion of people from abroad.From a demographic point of view, the islands face the challenge of an ageing population, although they still have a younger demographic structure than the mainland. However, despite these changes, vulnerability persists, as reflected in indicators such as life expectancy.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".