Lung Function Changes with Acute +Gz Exposure as Assessed by Impulse Oscillometry
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: The introduction of fifth-generation fighter aircraft has raised concerns regarding the impact of high gravitational forces on lung function. This study aimed to investigate the acute effects of controlled +G z exposure, up to +9 G z , on lung function in military pilots using impulse oscillometry (IOS). METHODS: These studies, conducted in Canada and the Netherlands, involved military pilots undergoing high G centrifuge training. IOS measurements were obtained using the Tremoflo TM IOS device, which assesses lung function during normal tidal breathing without forced maneuvers. Included in the study were 30 military pilots of the Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF) and 28 military pilots trained by the Royal Netherlands Air Force (RNLAF). Both performed baseline IOS measurements, with postexposure measurements obtained within 10 min in RCAF pilots and within 2 min by the RNLAF. RESULTS: Both the RCAF and RNLAF studies showed significant increases in compliance (median = −1.605 and −2.085) and decreases in resistance (median = −0.611 and −0.230). Small airway resistance reduction was significant only in the RNLAF study (median = 0.176), indicating a greater effect at higher G z levels. DISCUSSION: The combined data showed no evidence that repeated exposure to high +G z in combination with an anti-G suit and performance of the anti-G straining maneuver has acute negative effects on lung function. In fact, there was evidence of improvement in small airway function, perhaps as a result of the respiratory strain component of the anti-G straining maneuver, which increases intrathoracic pressure, possibly stretching the small airways, decreasing resistance, and increasing reactance. Cornelissen SJWM, Frijters E, Gray G. Lung function changes with acute +G z exposure as assessed by impulse oscillometry . Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2025; 96(1):62–66.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it