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Record W4408042855 · doi:10.1080/03075079.2025.2470297

Recovery from university grade inflation after the COVID-19 pandemic varies by faculty

2025· article· en· W4408042855 on OpenAlex
Victor Kuperman, Esther Geva, Vanessa Taler, Kim Thériault

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.
fundA Canadian funder is recorded on the work.
aboutThe title or abstract carries a Canadian signal from the geographic lexicon.

Bibliographic record

VenueStudies in Higher Education · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldSocial Sciences
TopicHigher Education Research Studies
Canadian institutionsBruyèreUniversity of OttawaUniversity of TorontoMcMaster University
FundersSocial Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada
KeywordsCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)PandemicHigher education2019-20 coronavirus outbreakGrade inflationSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)PsychologyMedical educationPolitical scienceEconomicsMedicineVirologyEconomic growthInternal medicine

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Recovery from university grade inflation after the COVID-19 pandemic varies by faculty Higher education institutions worldwide report a drastic increase in grades during the COVID-19 pandemic. Since it was not paralleled by an increase in student achievements, the consensus is that the pandemic came with grade inflation, which exceeded the systematic multiannual trends of grade inflation. The present paper adds two novel aspects to this body of research. First, unlike most existing reports, this study covers the post-pandemic timespan and quantifies the degree of return to pre-pandemic grading patterns. We examine changes in grade point average (GPA) values in undergraduate students from two Canadian universities (N = 32,753 and N = 15,101) in the circum-pandemic period from 2018–2019 through 2022–2023. Second, we consider changes in grading by university faculty. The central finding in both universities is that post-pandemic GPAs returned fully to pre-pandemic levels only in some faculties (e.g. Business, Engineering, Health Sciences) but are still inflated in others (e.g. Humanities, Social Sciences) compared to pre-pandemic levels. Thus, post-pandemic grades stemming from some faculties are more trustworthy, i.e. exhibit less inflation and are more closely aligned with student achievement, than in other faculties. We provide correlational evidence that the faculties that have curbed grade inflation more successfully are the more selective ones and arguably have more incentives to maintain higher educational standards.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.001
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.381
Threshold uncertainty score0.994

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.001
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.001
Science and technology studies0.0010.001
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.116
GPT teacher head0.456
Teacher spread0.340 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it