Enhanced Multi-Class Breast Cancer Classification from Whole-Slide Histopathology Images Using a Proposed Deep Learning Model
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Breast cancer is among the most frequently diagnosed cancers and leading cause of mortality worldwide. The accurate classification of breast cancer from the histology photographs is very important for the diagnosis and effective treatment planning. Methods: In this article, we propose a DenseNet121-based deep learning model for breast cancer detection and multi-class classification. The experiments were performed using whole-slide histopathology images collected from the BreakHis dataset. Results: The proposed method attained state-of-the-art performance with a 98.50% accuracy and an AUC of 0.98 for the binary classification. In multi-class classification, it obtained competitive results with 92.50% accuracy and an AUC of 0.94. Conclusions: The proposed model outperforms state-of-the-art methods in distinguishing between benign and malignant tumors as well as in classifying specific malignancy subtypes. This study highlights the potential of deep learning in breast cancer diagnosis and establishes the foundation for developing advanced diagnostic tools.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".