Effects of the curved carbon fibre plate and PEBA foam on the energy cost of running and muscle activation
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study examined the effects of systematically modifying two Advanced Footwear Technology (AFT) components, the curved carbon fibre plate and the polyether block amide (PEBA) midsole material, on the energetic cost of running (Erun) and muscle activation. Sixteen male recreational runners performed treadmill running trials in three shoe conditions: the standard Nike Vaporfly 4% (Original VP4), a prototype without the carbon fibre plate (No Plate), and a prototype with EVA foam replacing the PEBA foam (EVA). Erun was quantified using indirect calorimetry, and muscle activation of the gastrocnemius medialis and soleus muscles was assessed using surface electromyography (EMG). The results showed that Erun was significantly lower in the Original VP4 condition compared to both the No Plate and EVA conditions, by 1.87% and 2.23%, respectively. However, changes in muscle activation were not statistically significant across shoe conditions. These findings suggest that both the curved carbon fibre plate and PEBA foam in the Vaporfly 4% contribute to reduced Erun, through mechanisms other than reduced activation of the selected plantar flexor muscles.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it