Simulating Horizontal CO2 Plume Migration in a Saline Aquifer: The Effect of Injection Depth
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study investigates the impact of injection depth on CO2 plume migration dynamics in saline aquifers, a critical aspect of secure and efficient carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS). While CCUS offers a vital pathway for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions, challenges such as buoyancy-driven flow, salinity effects, and potential leakage threaten long-term CO2 containment. Using compositional reservoir simulation (CMG GEM 2021.10, Calgary, Canada) and Illinois Basin Decatur Project (IBDP) data, we modeled CO2 injection into a 10,000 ppm salinity aquifer, evaluating the effects of single- and multi-depth injection (5370 to 5385 ft). The results demonstrate that multi-depth injection significantly enhances CO2–brine contact area, promoting dissolution trapping and mitigating buoyancy-driven migration. This enhanced dissolution and residual trapping improves horizontal containment and overall storage security in the modeled salinity environment. The work provides valuable insights for optimizing injection strategies to maximize CO2 storage efficiency and minimize leakage risks.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".