An overview on polymorphs of calcium carbonate formed during carbon mineralization of cementitious materials
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Carbon mineralization presents a promising pathway for reducing the carbon footprint within the cement industry. However, the performance of carbonated cementitious materials is closely tied to the polymorphs of calcium carbonate. This paper examines the factors and strategies governing the formation of calcium carbonate polymorphs in carbonated cementitious materials, including carbonation conditions, additives and physical treatments. Temperature emerges as a critical factor among carbonation conditions, favoring the formation of vaterite at 30 ∼ 40 °C and aragonite above 60 °C. Chemical additives can effectively regulate polymorph formation through multiple mechanisms, such as embedding in the crystals and adsorbing on the surface of calcium carbonate. Additionally, ultrasound enhances vaterite formation, while under high power, it promotes aragonite formation. Magnetic field treatment can enhance aragonite precipitation, with its content increasing with field strength. This review aims to advance research on polymorph regulation, improving performance and broadening applications of carbonated cementitious materials.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".