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Artificial Intelligence in Pre-Trial Investigation of Criminal Cases: Some Issues of International Practice

2025· article· en· W4408120404 on OpenAlex
D.M. Byelov, M. V. Bіelova, I. V. Rushchak

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

aboutThe title or abstract carries a Canadian signal from the geographic lexicon.
no affNo Canadian affiliation: this work is invisible to an affiliation-only frame.
No Canadian affiliation. An affiliation-only frame, the usual design, would never have seen this work. It is one of the works that make the case for inverting the frame.

Bibliographic record

VenueAnalytical and Comparative Jurisprudence · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldSocial Sciences
TopicArtificial Intelligence in Law
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsPsychologyCriminal investigationCriminology

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

It is indicated that the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies into various aspects of public life opens up new horizons and at the same time creates serious challenges for the legal system, in particular in the field of criminal proceedings. Although the use of AI systems at the stage of pre-trial investigation significantly increases the efficiency and effectiveness of solving crimes, it also gives rise to a complex of complex issues of a legal, ethical and procedural nature. The article examines some aspects of the international practice of introducing artificial intelligence technologies into pre-trial investigation of criminal cases. The main approaches to legal regulation of the use of artificial intelligence systems in criminal proceedings of various countries, in particular the USA, Great Britain, Japan, Canada, France, the Netherlands, Singapore and Australia, are analyzed. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of US legislation, which has created a comprehensive system of legal regulation and control over the use of artificial intelligence in law enforcement activities. Key regulatory and legal acts are considered: the Electronic Communications Privacy Act, the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act and the USA PATRIOT Act, which establish the legal framework for the application of AI technologies in pre-trial investigation. Mechanisms of judicial, parliamentary and departmental control over the use of AI systems in criminal proceedings are studied. Considerable attention is paid to the ethical aspects of the implementation of artificial intelligence in law enforcement activities. The experience of different countries in creating specialized institutions and developing ethical codes of practice for the use of AI is analyzed. The main principles of the ethical application of AI technologies in pre-trial investigation are identified: transparency of the decision-making process, protection of privacy, ensuring accountability and building public trust. The results of the study identify a trend towards the formation of a comprehensive approach to regulating the use of AI, combining legal control mechanisms with ethical standards. The need to ensure a balance between increasing the efficiency of the investigation using AI technologies and protecting the rights of participants in criminal proceedings is substantiated.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.003
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Theoretical or conceptual · Consensus signal: Theoretical or conceptual
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.327
Threshold uncertainty score0.788

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.003
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.001
Science and technology studies0.0000.002
Scholarly communication0.0000.001
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.157
GPT teacher head0.478
Teacher spread0.321 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it