Flexible rubber-based nanocomposite with superior electromagnetic interference shielding and joule heating
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Flexible multifunctional electromagnetic interference (EMI) shields that integrate effective electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption, and efficient Joule heating are highly sought after for advanced electronic applications. In this study, we developed a robust, flexible, and multifunctional multi-layered gradient system using a two-step fabrication process, which includes compound solution mixing followed by hot press molding. The system consists of alternating magnetic layers (carbonized metal-organic framework (CMOF)/styrene butadiene rubber (SBR)) and conductive layers (carbon nanotube (CNT)/SBR). The resulting CNT-reinforced gradient nanocomposite exhibits impressive mechanical properties, with an elongation at break reaching up to 120% and ultimate stress up to 13 MPa. Leveraging an absorption-reflection-reabsorption mechanism, the multi-layered gradient nanocomposite achieved an absorption rate of up to 57% and an EMI shielding effectiveness (EMI SE) of 50 dB at a thickness of just 1 mm. Notably, the flexible structure maintains its performance after 500 cycles of bending and twisting, with only minimal reduction in EMI SE, retaining values of 47 dB and 46 dB, respectively. Furthermore, the composite demonstrates efficient electro-thermal conversion, achieving a steady-state temperature of 152 °C under a driving voltage of 10V. In short, this study presents an innovative approach to designing absorption-dominant, high-performance EMI shielding structures that combine mechanical robustness, and Joule heating capabilities, positioning it as a promising candidate for next-generation advanced electronic devices and energy conversion systems. • Fabricated flexible multifunctional EMI shields with a layered gradient design. • Achieved 57% EMW absorption and 50 dB EMI shielding at a thickness of 1 mm. • Gradient nanocomposite exhibited 120% elongation and tensile strength of 13 MPa. • Retained EMI shielding performance (46-47 dB) after 500 bending and twisting cycles. • Demonstrated efficient Joule heating, reaching 152°C under a 10V applied voltage.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".