Echolocation and dietary adaptations mediate brain-endocast covariation in bats
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Bats exhibit remarkable ecological diversity, reflected in different species' sensory, cognitive and behavioral ecology. Bat brain volume has been linked to powered flight, laryngeal echolocation, and dietary transitions. Given the developmental trajectories and functional demands the skull and brain share, the bat skull-brain complex represents a unique means to better understand evolutionary processes and trade-offs. We assessed the brain-endocast correspondence across bats, considering whether changes in correspondence reflect ecological adaptations. We demonstrate that estimates of brain volume from both methods showed similar allometric trajectories, apart from those for cerebral cortex. Our results reveal a significant effect of diet and echolocation on brain-endocast correspondence of the cerebral cortex and olfactory bulbs, respectively. We suggest that shifts in the brain-endocast correspondence of the olfactory bulbs indicate an evolutionary trade-off between olfaction and echolocation. Our study offers a different perspective for future comparative neuroanatomical studies involving extinct and living species in museum collections.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".