Echolocation and dietary adaptations mediate brain-endocast covariation in bats
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Bats exhibit remarkable ecological diversity, reflected in different species' sensory, cognitive and behavioral ecology. Bat brain volume has been linked to powered flight, laryngeal echolocation, and dietary transitions. Given the developmental trajectories and functional demands the skull and brain share, the bat skull-brain complex represents a unique means to better understand evolutionary processes and trade-offs. We assessed the brain-endocast correspondence across bats, considering whether changes in correspondence reflect ecological adaptations. We demonstrate that estimates of brain volume from both methods showed similar allometric trajectories, apart from those for cerebral cortex. Our results reveal a significant effect of diet and echolocation on brain-endocast correspondence of the cerebral cortex and olfactory bulbs, respectively. We suggest that shifts in the brain-endocast correspondence of the olfactory bulbs indicate an evolutionary trade-off between olfaction and echolocation. Our study offers a different perspective for future comparative neuroanatomical studies involving extinct and living species in museum collections.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".