From Disability to Inclusion: The Impact of Sports on Quality of Life in Participants with Physical Disabilities (Paraplegia)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This cross-sectional study investigated the relationship between sports participation and quality of life among individuals with paraplegia (N=30). Participants with injury levels T5-L5 were divided into trained (n=15) and untrained (n=15) groups. Quality of life was assessed using the validated Arabic Short Form-36 (SF-36), while functional independence was measured using the Functional Independence Measure (FIM). Statistical analysis revealed significantly higher scores across all SF-36 dimensions in the trained group (M=93.77, SD=2.76) compared to the untrained group (M=42.24, SD=15.53; p<0.001). Strong positive correlations were observed between Mental Health and Cognitive Performance components (r=0.959, p<0.001) and between total SF-36 and FIM scores (r=0.840, p<0.001). These findings suggest that regular sports participation may enhance both quality of life and functional independence in individuals with paraplegia.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".