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Record W4408175978 · doi:10.18686/cest330

Sustainable integration of photovoltaic systems in different climatic conditions—A financial and environmental assessment

2025· article· en· W4408175978 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.
aboutThe title or abstract carries a Canadian signal from the geographic lexicon.

Bibliographic record

VenueClean Energy Science and Technology · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldEnvironmental Science
TopicPhotovoltaic Systems and Sustainability
Canadian institutionsAlgonquin College
Fundersnot available
KeywordsPhotovoltaic systemBusinessEnvironmental scienceEnvironmental resource managementEngineeringElectrical engineering

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

The current paper investigates a 6 MW grid-connected photovoltaic system model in two different countries: Canada and Egypt. The analysis was conducted in the frame of a sustainable development feasibility assessment. The two countries were chosen as they have significantly different irradiation levels. Two cities within each country were considered for comparison. The proposed system is simulated under realistic conditions in RETScreen. The weather conditions were imported from the NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) website. The project viability has been assessed using different financial indicators. Amongst them is the payback. Payback of projects located in Egypt is considerably lower than in Canada. The payback in Kharga Oasis in Egypt is 7.3 years. It yields a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions of 62.7 tons of CO2. The payback in a low-irradiation city like Victoria in Canada is 13.3 years. The project installed in Victoria mitigates greenhouse gas emissions by 53.2 tons of CO2. The study also shows the detrimental effect of increasing the initial cost and debt term on the project’s financial viability. The outcome of the study concludes that PV projects are very promising in moderate weather like Egypt. It can be viable in northern countries like Canada but under certain conditions of operation and financing.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: Observational
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.370
Threshold uncertainty score0.714

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.001
Science and technology studies0.0000.002
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.003
GPT teacher head0.224
Teacher spread0.221 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it