The variety of hamartomatous polypose syndromes in children and adults in the practice of an endoscopist
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Hamartoma polyps are benign epithelial formations that primarily form in the gastrointestinal tract. Currently, many syndromes that are united by the formation of hamartomas have been described and studied. The term «hamartoma» itself describes neoplasms formed due to a violation of the quantitative ratio of tissue elements and their hyperplasia. The clinical presentation of most gastrointestinal polyps is very similar, while each hamartomatous polyposis syndrome has its own clinical features and unique presentations. This group of diseases is diverse; the most important aspect of this problem is that most of the diseases described in this literature review are associated with cancer. In the vast majority of cases, endoscopists are the first to see hamartomatous polyps in the gastrointestinal tract. Modern technologies make it possible to perform minimally invasive removal not only in the upper sections and large intestine, but also in the small intestine. However, the endoscopic picture of different syndromes is practically the same.Thus, timely detection, differential diagnosis, correct diagnosis and selection of optimal tactics for dynamic observation and adequate treatment is an important task that requires a multidisciplinary approach. This paper presents the characteristics of rare syndromes of hamartomatous polyposis, namely juvenile polyposis syndrome, Peutz-Jeghers, hereditary mixed polyposis, Cowden, Bannayan-Riley-Ruvalcaba, as well as acquired juvenile polyposis syndrome - Cronchite-Canada. A brief historical background is presented, clinical manifestations, etiology, pathogenesis, microscopic differences and features are described.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".