Bibliographic record
Abstract
closest attempt to such an analysis was made in a report by the Asian Development Bank (Asian Development Bank 2020), which examined CBC challenges in selected regions of the member states of the Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation Program (CAREC), including the Fergana Valley.Although the report's analysis of the global CBC experience was extremely brief and superficial, it provided an indepth examination of local CBC agendas and generated numerous recommendations based on this analysis.These recommendations hold significant value for conceptualizing the regional CBC agenda and for formulating further policy suggestions rooted in this conceptualization.A number of studies focus on specific aspects of CBC in the region, including the issue of informal trade and border markets (Kaminski and Mitra 2012), borderland demographic trends (Polat 2002), as well as transboundary water management (Mukhammadiev 2014).Additionally, a substantial number of shorter studies published in local journals address specific and localized aspects of CBC within the region.Considering the existing body of scholarship, this work is likely the first detailed study that aims both to provide a comprehensive conceptualization of CBC on a global scale and to conceptualize CBC between the countries of post-Soviet Central Asia.Additionally, it seeks to offer a conceptual analysis of the applicability of international CBC practices to the Central Asian context.This study has several significant limitations.First, while the analysis of CBC in each of the examined regions, including Central Asia, offers a starting point for understanding the topic, a more structured and detailed examination would require further, region-specific studies.Second, the focus is primarily on CBC strategies, with considerably less attention paid to specific techniques and practices, which were central to the recommendation part of the aforementioned Asian Development Bank report.Third, the research is based on comparative qualitative policy analysis and does not incorporate quantitative statistical or sociological studies, which could have offered more nuanced insights into the issue.Finally, some regions, such as South Asia and the Middle East, were excluded from the scope of this study, and the analysis of Africa does not fully reflect the subregional specificities of its various areas.The structure of this monograph is organized as follows.The Introduction (coauthored by S. Golunov and A. Bitabar) outlines the research problems, objectives, niche, limitations, and structure of the study.The First Chapter, authored by Sergei Golunov, analyzes CBC experiences in selected regions and countries.It includes chapters dedicated to CBC in the EU, North America, China (this section is co-authored by S. Golunov and A. Bitabar), Southeast Asia, Latin America, Africa, and Russia.The Second Chapter, mostly co-authored by Sergei Golunov and Assel Bitabar, addresses the specifics of CBC in Central Asia.It features chapters on the conceptual issues of CBC in the region as a whole, as well as CBC in individual Central Asian states: Uzbekistan (authored by A. Bitabar), Kazakhstan (authored by S. Golunov), Turkmenistan, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan.The Third Chapter, authored by S. Golunov, examines the opportunities and limitations of applying international CBC practices to the Central Asian context.Finally, the co-authored Conclusion synthesizes the key findings of the study.The authors express their deep gratitude to the OSCE Academy in Bishkek for supporting this monograph project following the results of a competitive selection process.We are also thankful to the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Kazakhstan, whose financial support for the project "Kazakhstan's Cross-Border Cooperation with Central Asian Countries" significantly expanded our access to resources and tools that enhanced the collection and analysis of information during the preparation of this book.We also extend our gratitude to our assistant Assyl Duisen for aiding in the collection of relevant information.The authors hope that this work will inspire further research on the comparative study of CBC, the conceptualization of CBC in Central Asia, and the potential application of international experience to the development of CBC frameworks both in Central Asia and in other regions of the world.It is also hoped that this study will prove useful for policymakers in Central Asia and beyond, providing a basis for the development of region-specific strategic CBC concepts.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".