Multiple stressors in tropical streams: nitrate, sediment, and flow interactions mediate benthic biomass and diatom community responses in experimental streams
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Human-induced impacts, such as deforestation and agricultural intensification, pose significant threats to tropical streams by promoting nutrient enrichment, fine sediment input, and altered flow regimes. This study employed outdoor stream mesocosms to assess how nitrate enrichment, fine sediment addition, and flow reduction influence benthic algal biomass (using chlorophyll-a as a proxy) and diatom community structure. Results showed that sediment addition decreased chlorophyll-a under ambient nitrate conditions but increased it at higher nitrate concentrations. Elevated nitrate levels reduced diatom species richness and evenness, increasing dominance, while changes in species composition were primarily driven by reduced flow and increased nitrate or sediment levels. These findings highlight the mechanisms by which agricultural stressors shape diatom community dynamics, providing critical insights for managing freshwater ecosystems under increasing agricultural pressure.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".