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Record W4408210004 · doi:10.1080/13527266.2025.2471954

Addressing backlash? Corporate DEI communication and user complaints on social media

2025· article· en· W4408210004 on OpenAlexaff
Sabine Einwiller, Daniel Wolfgruber, A. Leitner

Bibliographic record

VenueJournal of Marketing Communications · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldSocial Sciences
TopicPublic Relations and Crisis Communication
Canadian institutionsHEC Montréal
Fundersnot available
KeywordsGermanSocial mediaBacklashInclusion (mineral)Content analysisEquity (law)SociologyBusinessAdvertisingPolitical scienceEngineeringHistoryLawSocial science

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Companies are using social media to showcase their diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) initiatives. However, as DEI is a sensitive and controversial issue, negative reactions in the form of online complaints are common. The purpose of this research was to show how U.S. and German companies communicate about DEI on social media (Facebook and Twitter/X) and how they respond to complaints from their followers. The research is based on theoretical approaches from DEI as well as online complaining and webcare. Data were collected in 2022 employing content analysis. Key findings include that U.S. companies communicated more about DEI than German companies, and that about half of DEI posts received negative reactions, but by no means all of these complaints were about DEI. It shows that both U.S. and German companies very rarely responded to the complaints about DEI and that the response rate was significantly higher when the complaints concerned the company’s products or services. This research suggests that companies need to be prepared to handle complaints in response to their DEI posts on their social media pages and to have sound responses in place, not just for complaints related to their products or services.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame machine prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.005
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.027
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.008
Threshold uncertainty score0.029

Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0050.027
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0010.002
Science and technology studies0.0030.003
Scholarly communication0.0050.005
Open science0.0000.002
Research integrity0.0020.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0040.001

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.180
GPT teacher head0.400
Teacher spread0.220 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designObservational
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations5
Published2025
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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