Apanteles piceotrichosus Blanchard (Hymenoptera, Braconidae), first record from México, new molecular and biological data
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Between 1994 and 1995, Cotesia vestalis (Haliday 1834) (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) was introduced from the USA to Mexico to set up a biological control program for Plutella xylostella ; nevertheless, its field establishment was never confirmed. From 2020 to 2024, a braconid parasitoid on P. xylostella larvae was collected in broccoli in Guanajuato state, the main brassicas producer in Mexico. Those collections had initially been linked to the former releases, but this work corroborated that C. vestalis has not been recovered in Guanajuato, but rather an unidentified species of another braconid was confirmed. The objective of this work was to identify it with classical and molecular taxonomy, and to describe its basic biology under laboratory conditions. Morphological identification was performed using the descriptions of Blanchard (1994) and molecular analysis was performed using the 16S, 28S and COI markers. The parasitoid was identified as Apanteles piceotrichosus Blanchard, this species has been previously reported only from Argentina, Chile and Brazil, so it represents the first record for Mexico and its gene sequence is reported for the first time. A. piceotrichosus is a solitary koinobiont endoparasitoid of P. xylostella larvae. The egg is hymenopteriform with an incubation period of 0.92 d; larval and pupal stages lasted 5.86 ± 0.01 d, and 5.65 ± 0.02 d, respectively. Overall, there were 12.43 ± 0.01 d from egg to adult emergence. With honey availability, females and males lived 16.08 ± 0.19 and 17.58 ± 0.54 d, respectively.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".