Are ‘time’ and ‘culture’ useful and necessary diagnostic requirements for ICD-11 Prolonged Grief Disorder? A Cross-national study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ICD-11 PGD can only be diagnosed if symptoms persist beyond 6 months after bereavement and for longer than would be expected from societal, cultural, or religious norms. This study examined the validity and utility of these diagnostic requirements using self-report cross-sectional data from samples of bereaved adults from the United Kingdom (UK; n = 1,012), Ireland (Ireland; n = 1,011), and Ontario (n = 1,167). PGD symptoms and rates of probable PGD were not markedly higher in those bereaved within the last 6 months, and participants didn’t view 6 months as the normative timeframe to come to terms with a bereavement. Approximately a quarter of those meeting symptom and impairment requirements couldn’t determine if their grief exceeded cultural norms. Applying time and cultural requirements significantly reduced diagnosis rates. We argue that these findings may undermine the validity and clinical utility of these diagnostic requirements.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".