Increasing Social Connection in Permanent Supportive Housing: A Participatory Study on Therapeutic Recreation for People With Experiences of Homelessness
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Social exclusion and isolation due to homelessness are compounded in older people by physical frailty and stigma. Interventions to support older people with experiences of homelessness often neglect social dimensions of well-being. In this participatory action research study, residents, staff, and researchers collaborated to develop, implement, and evaluate therapeutic recreation programming in a permanent supportive housing facility for older people with experiences of homelessness (n = 68). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A community advisory group, "The Exchange," co-designed program delivery and evaluation. Quantitative evaluation data consisted of participant demographics, participation rates, goals set, and quality of life questionnaires at three points in the study. Qualitative data included co-design meeting notes (n = 24), and interviews with residents (n = 19) and staff (n = 20). Quantitative data were reported descriptively, and qualitative data were analyzed thematically, using social and ecological theories of care from recreation studies as a sensitizing lens. Data were synthesized to develop a final interpretation. RESULTS: Sixty-one (90%) residents participated in recreation programming. Residents set 253 goals; social goals were the most popular. Residents reported increased confidence to learn new skills, engaging in meaningful activities, and improved social connection with their community. DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS: Co-designing recreation programming contributed to an inclusive social environment that enhanced individual and community connectivity. The findings demonstrate the benefits of therapeutic recreation in promoting well-being among older people with experiences of homelessness living in permanent supportive housing.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".