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Record W4408227371 · doi:10.4103/cjrm.cjrm_6_24

Factors influencing retention of International Medical Graduates in rural practice

2025· review· en· W4408227371 on OpenAlexaffvenueabout
Udoka Okpalauwaekwe, Carla Fehr, Taofiq Oyedokun, Jana Witt

Bibliographic record

VenueCanadian Journal of Rural Medicine · 2025
Typereview
Languageen
FieldHealth Professions
TopicGlobal Health Workforce Issues
Canadian institutionsUniversity of Saskatchewan
Fundersnot available
KeywordsMedical educationBusinessMedicine

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

INTRODUCTION: Canada relies on international medical graduates (IMGs) to provide a significant proportion of primary care in rural communities. However, retaining IMGs in rural practices across Canada remains a challenge. We explored the literature to learn what factors influence IMGs' retention in rural practice and what has been recommended in the literature to address these factors. METHODS: We focused search strategies on peer-reviewed literature sources (between 01 January 2012, and 31 December 2023) that explored and identified factors connected to the rural practice retention of IMGs in Canada (and areas transferable to the Canadian context). RESULTS: Twenty of 1002 articles were selected. Factors were categorised as structural, professional, family, community and personal. Structural barriers identified included overall lack of support, limited access to tertiary care centres and unsustainable model of care. Professional challenges included physician burnout, limited mobility and limited scope of practice. Conversely, community integration, opportunities for spousal employment and accessible schools for children were the common facilitators of IMG retention. Key recommendations to enhance IMG retention that were identified, included: (1) providing fair contracts, funding supports, and balanced workloads; (2) having community-directed recruitment models to match physician expectations for income level, workload and spousal employment and (3) having physician-led retention support groups to help physicians adequately settle in. CONCLUSION: This study identified the barriers and facilitators to IMG retention in rural medicine and mapped out evidence-based recommendations for each factor. Engaging and tailoring support strategies unique to the needs of IMGs in rural communities would improve IMG retention. INTRODUCTION: Le Canada compte sur les diplômés internationaux en médecine (DIM) pour fournir une part importante des soins primaires dans les communautés rurales. Cependant, la rétention des DIM dans les pratiques rurales à travers le Canada reste un défi. Nous avons exploré la littérature pour connaître les facteurs qui influencent la rétention des diplômés internationaux en médecine (DIM) dans la pratique rurale et ce qui a été recommandé dans la littérature pour aborder ces facteurs. MTHODES: Nous avons axé nos stratégies de recherche sur des sources de documentation évaluées par des pairs (entre le 1er janvier 2012 et le 31 décembre 2023) qui exploraient et identifiaient des facteurs liés au maintien des DIM dans la pratique rurale au Canada, ainsi que les domaines transférables au contexte canadien. RSULTATS: Sur 1 002 articles, vingt ont été sélectionnés. Les facteurs ont été classés en cinq catégories: structurels, professionnels, familiaux, communautaires et personnels. Les obstacles structurels identifiés comprenaient le manque général de soutien, l'accès limité aux centres de soins tertiaires et un modèle de soins non viable. Les défis professionnels comprenaient l'épuisement professionnel des médecins, une mobilité limitée et un champ d'action restreint. À l'inverse, l'intégration dans la communauté, les possibilités d'emploi pour les conjoints et les écoles accessibles pour les enfants sont autant de facteurs qui facilitent la rétention des DIM. Les principales recommandations visant à améliorer la rétention des DIM qui ont été identifiées sont les suivantes: 1) proposer des contrats équitables, des aides au financement et des charges de travail équilibrées; 2) disposer de modèles de recrutement orientés vers la communauté pour répondre aux attentes des médecins en matière de niveau de revenu, de charge de travail et d'emploi des conjoints; et 3) disposer de groupes de soutien à la rétention dirigés par des médecins pour aider les DIM à s'installer de manière adéquate. CONCLUSION: Cette étude a permis d'identifier les obstacles et les facteurs facilitant la rétention des DIM en médecine rurale et de formuler des recommandations fondées sur des données probantes pour chaque facteur. L'engagement et l'adaptation de stratégies de soutien spécifiques aux besoins des DIM dans les communautés rurales permettraient d'améliorer leur rétention.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.003
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.020
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesMetaresearch, Meta-epidemiology (narrow), Research integrity, Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Other design · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Review · Consensus signal: Review
Teacher disagreement score0.875
Threshold uncertainty score1.000

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0030.020
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0020.000
Bibliometrics0.0020.001
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0010.000
Research integrity0.0010.003
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0020.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.106
GPT teacher head0.493
Teacher spread0.387 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.

Study designOther design
Domainnot available
GenreReview

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations4
Published2025
Admission routes3
Has abstractyes

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