Abundance of <i>Bifidobacterium</i> species in the infant gut microbiota and associations with maternal-infant characteristics in Dhaka, Bangladesh
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT The early infant gut microbiota is dominated by bifidobacteria, but there is substantial variation at the (sub)species level. Patterns of postnatal Bifidobacterium subspecies colonization in low or middle-income countries have not been widely studied. We used (sub)species-specific qPCR to quantify B. infantis, B. longum , and B. breve in stool samples from 1132 infants (0-6 months) in urban Dhaka, Bangladesh. B. infantis absolute abundance started low but increased in the first two months, whereas B. longum and B. breve abundances remained comparatively low. B. infantis emerged earlier in infants delivered by C-section, but by ∼2 months of age, infants delivered by C-section or vaginally had similar B. infantis abundances. Infant antibiotic exposure, feeding patterns, and maternal stool B. infantis were not associated with infant B. infantis . In settings where B. infantis is widespread, its patterns of postnatal colonization can be used to inform the design of targeted microbiota-modifying interventions in infancy.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".