Flow-Induced Vibration Analysis of Rigid Horizontal Pipelines Under Two-Phase Flow and Leak Conditions
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract This study investigates the vibrational response of horizontal rigid pipelines subjected to internal two-phase flow with simulated leaks. Using spectral-based contour plots and vibrational energy measurements, we analyze the dynamics across various flow velocities and patterns in a 5-m-long, 2-in diameter pipeline. Results indicate that flow patterns and Reynolds numbers significantly influence vibration characteristics. Except for bubbly flow, increasing the mixture Reynolds number amplifies power spectral magnitudes and extends excitation to higher frequencies, independent of leaks. Fluid loss enhances spectral magnitudes at higher liquid Reynolds numbers, with gas Reynolds numbers further intensifying vibration. Leaks modify spectral spikes due to multiphase flow fluctuations, making them more pronounced and persistent. Vibrational augmentation is predominant in the direction of fluid loss, peaking at the leak location and attenuating with increasing distance from the leak location. Slug flow demonstrates the highest increase in vibrational energy. Bubbly flow exhibits maximum leak to no-leak amplification (15–25 dB), followed by slug flow (5–15 dB), and plug flow (<10 dB). Minimal leak-induced effects (<5 dB) occur in stratified wavy and low-velocity intermittent flows. This study establishes a foundation for leak detection and pipeline health monitoring, emphasizing the role of flow-induced vibration analysis in enhancing pipeline safety.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".