Contemporaneous causal orderings among prices of retail properties: evidence from Chinese cities through vector error-correction modeling and directed acyclic graphs
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study is to use vector error-correction modeling together with directed acyclic graphs (DAG) for analyzing dynamic relations among monthly retail property price indices of 10 major cities in China from 2005–2021. Design/methodology/approach This paper apply both the PC and Linear Non-Gaussian Acyclic Model (LiNGAM) algorithms for inference of the DAG, with the former leading to the causal pattern and the latter leading to the causal path. This paper carry out innovation accounting analysis based on the causal path according to the LiNGAM algorithm. Findings Their results show sophisticated dynamics among processes of price adjustments following shocks. The results do not reveal clear evidence that supports dominance of the price series of the top-tier cities. Originality/value These results suggest that it could be beneficial to design policies at granular levels regarding regional retail property prices in China.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".