Overview of the Foster Creek Propane Solvent-Aided Process Pilot
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Solvent co-injection has been investigated for bitumen recovery due to potential benefits such as lower GHG emissions and bitumen upgrading, amongst others. The technology has been piloted and deployed by bitumen producers in Alberta, Canada. Different solvents as well as range of solvent concentrations have been employed, resulting in varying field performance. Optimization of this technology warrants collection of more field data. In this paper, the learnings from a 10 wt.% Propane Solvent-Aided Process Pilot that was executed in a well pair in the Foster Creek Thermal Project, are presented. The pilot design, reservoir surveillance plan, and data collection are discussed. Results from this pilot show that there was at least a 25% reduction in the steam/oil ratio (SOR). Furthermore, existence of an inverse correlation between the propane-in-casing production rate and the reduction in SOR, was observed. Finally, it was shown that the performance of bitumen recovery by propane co-injection with steam, can be predicted by reservoir simulation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".