Attitudes of Primary Students in Kuwait Toward the Inclusion of Peers with Disabilities in Mainstream Schools
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Inclusive education has become a focal point in educational reform, particularly in countries like Kuwait, where efforts to integrate students with disabilities in mainstream settings are relatively new. This study addresses a gap in the literature by exploring the voices of young students in a Kuwaiti mainstream primary school, an area that remains under-researched in the context of inclusion. Specifically, this qualitative interpretive case study examines the attitudes of three non-disabled primary school students toward the inclusion of their peers with disabilities. The study utilized a focus group discussion (FGD) with the three students, each aged between 8 and 10 years. The FGD included prompts that encouraged students to discuss their views on friendship, empathy, collaboration, and sharing with peers with disabilities. Data was analyzed through coding, categorizing, and thematic analysis to capture key perspectives. The findings reveal that the students hold overwhelmingly positive attitudes towards inclusion, with specific themes of empathy, openness to friendship, willingness to collaborate, and a strong sense of fairness emerging from their responses. This study contributes uniquely to the literature by providing insights from a student-centered perspective on inclusive education in Kuwait, highlighting the importance of fostering inclusive attitudes from a young age to support the successful inclusion of students with disabilities in mainstream schools.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.007 | 0.005 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".