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Record W4408279839 · doi:10.1080/10095020.2025.2469889

An explicit forest carbon stock model and applications

2025· article· en· W4408279839 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

fundA Canadian funder is recorded on the work.
no affNo Canadian affiliation: this work is invisible to an affiliation-only frame.
No Canadian affiliation. An affiliation-only frame, the usual design, would never have seen this work. It is one of the works that make the case for inverting the frame.

Bibliographic record

VenueGeo-spatial Information Science · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldEnvironmental Science
TopicForest Management and Policy
Canadian institutionsnot available
FundersNational Key Research and Development Program of ChinaChina Postdoctoral Science FoundationNational Natural Science Foundation of ChinaMinistry of Natural Resources
KeywordsCarbon stockStock (firearms)Environmental scienceForestryComputer scienceGeographyEcologyArchaeologyBiologyClimate change

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

How to achieve reliable monitoring of global forest carbon sinks is of great urgency, and the combination of remote sensing and ground observation has become a hot topic. The relationship between remote sensing features (vegetation indices, spectral, textural, backscattering coefficients) and forest carbon stock is still unclear, hence this paper proposes a pixel-level, multi-scale, high-precision Explicit Forest carbon stock Model (EFM) that is universal and adaptive. First, the pixel size, forest canopy density, terrain slope, and forest height were used in the construction of EFM; Second, the EFM parameters were solved by simulated forest scene; Third, the EFM was used in simulated and real forest scenes to verify the accuracy, robustness, and applicability, the experiments show that the relative error is about 15%; Finally, the first time mapping forest carbon stock over 200,000 km2 area at 2 m scale was completed by the EFM. The EFM convert the calculation unit from individual tree to pixel compared with allometric growth equation, and overcome the poor universality of regression inversion methods, which can be used to monitor forest carbon dynamics at global scale.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Simulation or modeling · Consensus signal: Simulation or modeling
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.456
Threshold uncertainty score0.406

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.001
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.003
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.009
GPT teacher head0.259
Teacher spread0.250 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it