SINR-Dependent Event-Triggered based Distributed Secondary Frequency Regulation and Power Sharing with Jamming Attacks
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This work develops a distributed proportional-integral (PI) controller combined with the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR)-dependent dynamic event-triggered (DET) communication strategy to cope with the frequency regulation and power sharing problems subject to jamming attacks in an inverter-based islanded microgrid. In order to simplify the controller structure, power sharing and frequency restoration can be implemented simultaneously in the designed secondary control layer instead of the traditional hierarchical control implementation. Besides, the dynamic event-triggered communication strategy configured with each secondary controller can adaptively adjust the triggered threshold based on the SINR signal, which can reduce the congestion of communication networks caused by jamming attacks and ensure system control performance. A cyber-physical microgrid testbed is built based on the real-time simulator, OPAL-RT, and network simulation software, EXata, to verify the effectiveness of the proposed SINR-dependent event-triggered based distributed secondary controller.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".