Superhydrophobic Solution Blow Spinning <scp>PTFE</scp>–<scp>SiO<sub>2</sub></scp> Composite Membranes for Enhanced Liquid–Liquid Extraction
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT An ultrafine‐fibrous polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)–SiO 2 membrane was successfully fabricated using the solution blow spinning (SBS) method. This membrane demonstrated superhydrophobicity (water contact angle > 150°) and oleophilicity (ethyl acetate contact angle = 0°) compared to a commercial PTFE membrane. Additionally, the SBS PTFE–SiO 2 membrane exhibited a high porosity of 83% compared to 55% in the commercial PTFE membrane. When used for membrane‐assisted extraction, the PTFE–SiO 2 membrane exhibited a higher caffeine transport rate (3.84 × 10 −7 m s −1 ) than the commercial PTFE membrane (2.18 × 10 −7 m s −1 ). The addition of SiO 2 nanoparticles provided better hydrophobicity and higher phase stability during membrane‐assisted solvent extraction. Given the excellent thermal and chemical stability of PTFE–SiO 2 , this type of membrane shows potential for high‐value solvent extraction and stable long‐term operation with no emulsion generation. The SBS method offers a promising alternative for the sustainable fabrication of PTFE membranes on a larger scale without the need for organic solvents or lubricants.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".