Effect of relative humidity level on bonding properties of black spruce glulam
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Glued-laminated timber (glulam) is a structural wood-based composite widely used in construction. One of the constraints to its production is the requirement that lamellae must have the same moisture content before bonding. This study analyzed the effect of joining lamellae having different moisture content levels on the bonding performance of glulam elements. Black spruce [Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.] wood with different levels of moisture content (11%, 13%, and 15%) were bonded with two component polyurethane and placed in three different environments with different relative humidities. Block shear and delamination tests were performed according to ASTM D905-08 (2021) and EN 302-2 (2013), respectively, and the glue line profile was assessed with a micro-CT scanner. The results showed that the relative humidity had more influence on the results than the initial moisture of the wood. The results obtained for block shear and delamination tests respected the limits of the standard, but the adhesive profile of mixed moisture glulam presented some undesirable characteristics (thinner and irregular adhesive distribution). Micro-CT scan reconstructed images were found to be an interesting tool for this type of evaluation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".