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Record W4408327797 · doi:10.1080/16184742.2025.2473321

Motives and barriers to climate activism by elite and professional athletes

2025· article· en· W4408327797 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.

Bibliographic record

VenueEuropean Sport Management Quarterly · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldPsychology
TopicAdventure Sports and Sensation Seeking
Canadian institutionsUniversity of Toronto
Fundersnot available
KeywordsEliteAthletesElite athletesProfessional sportPsychologyPolitical sciencePublic relationsSocial psychologyApplied psychologyPoliticsPhysical therapyMedicine

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Research question What are the motives and barriers to climate activism for elite and professional athletes? How do these change over time?Research methods Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 27 elite (Olympic-level) and professional (paid) athletes from 7 countries and 15 sport who are climate activists. Over a three-year period (2021–2023), each athlete participated in 1–4 interviews.Results and findings One or more catalyzing events, a sense of urgency, and a self-ascribed sense of responsibility were the initial motivators for climate activism, while a sense of overwhelm and perceived lack of knowledge were noted as barriers. Over time, the eighteen athletes who participated in more than one interview had a different set of answers for what motivated them to continue: positive feedback and a strong sense of support, while a lack of support, the hypocrisy trap, low confidence, and time poverty were barriers.Implications This study extends the extant athlete activism literature by applying theories and categorizations of activism to a new subject of activism: climate activism. It also offers introduces professional athlete perspectives to the climate activism literature, and a longitudinal perspective on experiences of athlete activism by following the participants over a three-year period. Managerial implications for athletes, agents, team management, and athlete-focused nonprofits and charities are discussed.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.708
Threshold uncertainty score0.649

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.006
GPT teacher head0.268
Teacher spread0.261 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it