The effects of vitamin B and D supplementations on autonomic functions and quality of life in children after vasovagal syncope
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Aim of the study The aim of the study was to assess the effectiveness of vitamin B6, B9, B12, and D3 supplements in reducing symptoms and the frequency of syncope, improving autonomic nervous system functions, and enhancing quality of life (QOL) in children following an episode of vasovagal syncope (VVS). Materials and methods The study involved 68 adolescents with VVS who consistently took vitamin B and D supplements and returned for the examination after 3 months. The effectiveness of the therapy was assessed using the CSSS (Calgary Syncope Seizure Score) and MCSSS (Modified Calgary Syncope Seizure Score), serum vitamin profiles (measured using the ELISA method), heart rate variability, blood pressure variability, and the PedsQL™ (Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory™) 4.0 Generic Core Scales and PedsQL™ 2.0 Family Impact Module surveys. Results The study demonstrated that 3 months of vitamin supplementation were associated with a significant reduction in the frequency of symptoms and syncope episodes (p < 0.05). A marked decrease in serum homocysteine levels was observed, from 13.8 (9.9–17.9) µmol/L to 8.5 (7.6–10.8) µmol/L (p < 0.001). Vitamin supplementation also resulted in improved heart rate variability, evidenced by a significant increase in the SDANN index (p = 0.03) and reductions in TP (p = 0.002), LF (p = 0.004), and LF/HF (p = 0.01), indicating a decrease in sympathotonic influences on the cardiovascular system. Additionally, improved cardiac autonomic function in children with VVS during therapy was reflected by a higher prevalence of dipper profiles for systolic (p = 0.008) and diastolic (p < 0.001) blood pressure. During the 3-month therapy, the QOL in children showed improvements in physical, emotional, and school functioning (p < 0.05). In parents of children with a history of VVS, there were enhancements in physical, emotional, social, and cognitive functioning, as well as in communication and a reduction in worry levels. Among family members, daily activities and family relationships also improved (p < 0.05). Conclusion The use of vitamin B6, B9, B12, and D3 supplements in therapeutic and preventive doses over 3 months in patients with a history of VVS is associated with a reduction in symptoms and syncope frequency, a decrease in serum homocysteine levels, a reduction in autonomic dysregulation, and an improvement in the QOL for children and their families.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".