A Bis-Imidazolium Receptor for the Selective Crystallization of Fluoride through Hydrogen Bonding
Bibliographic record
Abstract
High Resolution Image Download MS PowerPoint Slide Selective recognition and separation of fluoride anions from other halides remain significant challenges in supramolecular chemistry due to the similar physicochemical properties of halide ions and the environmental concerns associated with fluoride contamination. We report a simple dicationic bis-imidazolium receptor with hydroxyethyl pendants that selectively binds fluoride ions over other halides through a selective “bidentate” hydrogen bonding mechanism involving C2–H···F – and O–H···F – interactions. This unique binding mode facilitates the crystallization of a fluoride complex from polar solvents containing chloride, bromide, or iodide ions. Despite minimal preorganization, the receptor exhibits size-matched binding pockets that selectively accommodate fluoride ions, enabling their separation from equimolar halide mixtures. This work introduces a new approach to fluoride recognition and offers potential applications in environmental remediation and industrial processes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".