Valvular calcification in chronic kidney disease: new insights from recent clinical and preclinical studies
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Valvular calcification, developing either in the mitral or the aortic valve, is highly prevalent in patients suffering from chronic kidney disease (CKD), in whom their presence correlates with higher cardiovascular and all-cause mortality risk. To date, the exact mechanisms that promote heart valve calcification remain unclear, and none of the treatments tested so far have shown efficacy in preventing valvular fibrocalcific remodelling. It is therefore essential to improve our understanding of the mechanisms involved in the pathological process if we are to find new, effective therapies. The purpose of this review is to (i) summarize our current knowledge of the mechanisms by which CKD and related therapies affect valvular cell activity, (ii) present the latest therapeutic targets identified in preclinical studies, and (iii) discuss the most recent clinical trials evaluating the efficacy of therapies aimed at preventing valvular calcification in CKD.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.021 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".