Contribution of Te-Bi melts in gold enrichment at the giant Jiaodong gold province, North China Craton: Insights from the Taishang deposit
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Te-Bi melts have been recognized as crucial agents for scavenging gold in gold deposits related to magmatism, often characterized by a notable Au-Te-Bi association. This association is also recognized in the gold deposits of the Jiaodong district, although the specific roles of Te and Bi in gold enrichment in this region have not been thoroughly evaluated. In this study, we investigate the mineralogy and geochemistry of Au-Ag-Te-Bi mineral assemblages and pyrite at the Taishang gold deposit to better understand the influence of Te-Bi melts on gold enrichment and refine the ore genesis models for the Jiaodong district. The gold mineralization at Taishang comprises three stages: phyllic alteration (Stage I), pyrite-quartz veins (Stage II), and polymetallic sulfide veins (Stage III). In Stage I, gold mainly occurs as inclusions of native gold and electrum within pyrite, alongside hessite, petzite, and minor tetradymite. Stage II features multiphase Au-Ag-Te-Bi-(S)-(Pb) assemblages, including native gold, electrum, hessite, petzite, tetradymite, tsumoite, joséite-B, and sub-micrometer Te-Bi-(Pb)-(Au)-(Ag)-rich phases as inclusions and fracture-fillings in pyrite. In Stage III, gold mineralization is less intense, marked by sparse native gold and electrum grains intergrown with pyrite, galena, and chalcopyrite. The mineralogical patterns reveal a strong relationship between Au, Ag, Te, and Bi, corroborated by trace element compositions of pyrite, which exhibit strong positive correlations among these elements. Furthermore, the texture of Au-Ag-Te-Bi assemblages in Stage I and II (i.e., unsharp and curvilinear boundaries) suggests crystallization from melts. Supported by relevant experimental evidence, the low temperature of Au-Ag-Te-Bi systems enables Te-Bi melts to effectively scavenge gold from fluids at the temperature conditions of Taishang (246–336 °C). The presence of Au-Ag-Te-Bi association in both Taishang and other Jiaodong gold deposits underscores the importance of Te-Bi melts in enhancing gold enrichment. This finding introduces vital insights into the established model of gold mineralization in the Jiaodong district.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".