LSTM-Based State-of-Charge Estimation and User Interface Development for Lithium-Ion Battery Management
Bibliographic record
Abstract
State-of-charge (SOC) estimation is pivotal in optimizing lithium-ion battery management systems (BMSs), ensuring safety, performance, and longevity across various applications. This study introduces a novel SOC estimation framework that uniquely integrates Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) neural networks with Hyperband-driven hyperparameter optimization, a combination not extensively explored in the literature. A comprehensive experimental dataset is created using data of LG 18650HG2 lithium-ion batteries subjected to diverse operational cycles and thermal conditions. The proposed framework demonstrates superior prediction accuracy, achieving a Mean Square Error (MSE) of 0.0023 and a Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of 0.0043, outperforming traditional estimation methods. The Hyperband optimization algorithm accelerates model training and enhances adaptability to varying operating conditions, making it scalable for diverse battery applications. Developing an intuitive, real-time user interface (UI) tailored for practical deployment bridges the gap between advanced SOC estimation techniques and user accessibility. Detailed residual and regression analyses confirm the proposed solution’s robustness, generalizability, and reliability. This work offers a scalable, accurate, and user-friendly SOC estimation solution for commercial BMSs, with future research aimed at extending the framework to other battery chemistries and hybrid energy systems.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".